Authorship Principles

Authorship Definition

The Journal of Fundamental and Applied Research follows established guidelines for authorship based on contributions to the design, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and manuscript preparation. Authorship is assigned to those who:

• Made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;
• Drafted the manuscript or critically revised it for intellectual content;
• Approved the final version to be published;
• Are accountable for all aspects of the work and ensuring that questions regarding the accuracy or integrity of any part are appropriately addressed.

If contributors do not meet these criteria, they should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section rather than as authors.

Disclosures and Declarations

All authors are required to disclose funding sources, financial or non-financial conflicts of interest, and ethical approval from relevant committees for research involving humans and/or animals. If the research involves human participants, informed consent must be documented. For animal studies, a statement on the welfare of animals should be included.

Authors should disclose any material that may affect the objectivity or perception of the research, and ensure the information is clearly stated in the manuscript, particularly if the work has implications for public health or general welfare.

Data Transparency

Authors must ensure that all data, materials, and software applications supporting their published claims are publicly accessible and comply with field standards. Authors are encouraged to make data available in accordance with the journal’s policies, which align with disciplinary norms. Clear instructions regarding data sharing are provided in the "Instructions for Authors."

Role of the Corresponding Author

The Corresponding Author is designated as the primary point of contact between the authors and the journal. Responsibilities include:

• Ensuring all authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including author order;
• Managing communication with the journal throughout the peer-review, publication, and post-publication stages;
• Ensuring transparency regarding the reuse of material, including any unpublished material such as manuscripts in press;
• Ensuring disclosures, declarations, and data transparency statements are included in the manuscript.

In some cases, the Corresponding Author’s duties may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. However, the Corresponding Author must still be clearly identified in the manuscript.

Author Contributions

To encourage transparency, authors must provide a statement of their individual contributions to the manuscript. This includes specifying who contributed to the conception, design, methodology, data analysis, writing, and revision stages. In the case of equal contributions, this should be clearly stated. If authors have shared supervisory roles, this should also be indicated. Author contributions are published alongside the article, providing clarity on each author's specific role.

Affiliation

Each author's primary affiliation should reflect the institution where the majority of the research work was conducted. If an author has moved to a new institution, their current affiliation may be listed as a secondary affiliation. Please note that affiliations will not be updated after the article's publication.

Changes to Authorship

Once a manuscript is submitted, authorship details such as author names, order, or the Corresponding Author cannot be modified unless all authors consent. Changes to authorship, such as adding or removing authors or altering the sequence of authors, are not permitted after the manuscript is accepted for publication. Any changes to authorship during the revision stage are rare and must be fully justified. The journal's editor-in-chief will review these requests on a case-by-case basis.

Author Name Change

If an author changes their name after publication, they may request a formal name correction. The correction can be made silently (with no public acknowledgment) or with a formal public correction note in the article. Name changes due to personal reasons (e.g., gender transition, religious conversion) will be handled in accordance with the journal's inclusive name change policy.

Author Identification

Authors are strongly encouraged to register for an ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) and include it in their manuscript submission. ORCID provides a unique identifier for authors and ensures proper recognition of their work across various publications.

Deceased or Incapacitated Authors

In cases where an author passes away or becomes incapacitated during the research, submission, or review process, the co-authors must obtain approval from the deceased or incapacitated author’s legal representative (such as a family member or a nominated representative) to proceed with the manuscript. The journal reserves the right to evaluate whether the deceased or incapacitated author's name should be retained.

Confidentiality

Authors must treat all communication with the journal as confidential. This includes discussions with editors, handling of reviewer reports, and any unpublished content. Manuscripts under consideration should not be shared with others unless explicitly authorized. The integrity of the peer-review process relies on confidentiality at every stage.

Authorship Issues or Disputes

In the event of an authorship dispute, the journal will not intervene in the resolution process. The authors are encouraged to resolve any disagreements amongst themselves. If the issue persists, the journal may contact the relevant institutions for guidance. In cases where disputes affect the publication or review process, the journal may consider withdrawing the manuscript from consideration or publishing a correction if necessary.